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- Numeric Types 12280
- Fixed-Width Integer Types The types TINYINT , SMALLINT , INTEGER , BIGINT and HUGEINT store whole numbers, that is, numbers without fractional components, of various ranges. Attempts to store values outside of the allowed range will result
...e, which stores positive numbers in a similar fashion as other integer types, but uses three additional bytes to store the required size and a sign bit. A number with N decimal digits requires approximately 0.415 * N + 3 bytes when stored in a BIGNUM . U...entation Addition, subtraction and multiplication of two fixed-point decimals returns another fixed-point decimal with the required WIDTH and SCALE to contain the exact result, or throws an error if the required WIDTH would exceed the maximal supported W...es) 1-4 INT16 2 5-9 INT32 4 10-18 INT64 8 19-38 INT128 16 Performance can be impacted by using too large decimals when not required. In particular, decimal values with a width above 19 are slow, as arithmetic involving the INT128 type is much more expens... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/numeric.html
- Environment 9912
- The environment where DuckDB is run has an obvious impact on performance. This page focuses on the effects of the hardware configuration and the operating system used. Hardware Configuration CPU DuckDB's officially supported architectures a
...er, there are no performance guarantees for these platforms. Memory Bestpractice Aim for 1-4 GB memory per thread. Minimum Required Memory As a rule of thumb, DuckDB requires a minimum of 125 MB of memory per thread. For example, if you use 8 threads, yo...ider limiting the number of threads , e.g., by issuing: SET threads = 4; Memory for Ideal Performance The amount of memory required for ideal performance depends on several factors, including the dataset size and the queries to execute. Maybe surprisingl...using NTFS and avoiding FAT32. DuckDB databases have built-in checksums, so integrity checks from the file system are not required to prevent data corruption. Network-Attached Disks Special care needs to be taken when using network-attached disks: If yo... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/performance/environment.html
- Troubleshoot 9640
- Overview This page collects common issues encountered when using the DuckDB Go client, together with their workarounds. Because the client uses cgo to embed DuckDB, most build problems are cgo or linker problems. If you run into a problem t
...and statically linked extensions have to be registered at startup. See Statically Linking Extensions for the archives, the required link order and the extension registration. Then build the Go module against these archives with the duckdb_use_static_lib...is also how a local DuckDB checkout is validated from the Go client, and how the client's own Makefile and CI build. It is required to target platforms without a pre-built library, including FreeBSD, for which DuckDB publishes no bundled library. Linking...do not model a per-value time zone. A bare time.Time binds as TIMESTAMP_TZ by default. When a different timestamp type is required, for example binding against a TIMESTAMP_NS column, force the type with duckdb.Typed() : row := db.QueryRow(query, duckdb.... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/go/troubleshoot.html
- Schema 9640
- Types It is important to use the correct type for encoding columns (e.g., BIGINT , DATE , DATETIME ). While it is always possible to use string types ( VARCHAR , etc.) to encode more specific values, this is not recommended. Strings use mor
...a memory-constrained environment, using smaller data types (e.g., TINYINT ) can reduce the amount of memory and disk space required to complete a query. DuckDB's bitpacking compression means small values stored in larger data types will not take up large...the data and then add the primary key constraint. In all cases, we take the data from .csv.gz files, and measure the time required to perform the loading. Operation Execution time Load with primary key 461.6 s Load without primary key 121.0 s Load witho...on join and aggregation operators. Bestpractice For best bulk load performance, avoid primary key constraints. If they are required, define them after the bulk loading step.... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/performance/schema.html
- Loops 9123
- Loops can be used in sqllogictests when it is required to execute the same query many times but with slight modifications in constant values. For example, suppose we want to fire off 100 queries that check for the presence of the values 0..
...rvals WHERE p <> st['${partcode}']; ---- endloop foreach also has a number of preset combinations that should be used when required. In this manner, when new combinations are added to the preset, old tests will automatically pick up these new combination... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/dev/sqllogictest/loops.html
- Prepared Statements 8592
- A prepared statement is a parameterized query. The query is prepared with question marks ( ? ) or dollar symbols ( $1 ) indicating the parameters of the query. Values can then be bound to these parameters, after which the prepared statement
...rams and duckdb_param_type . In case the prepare fails, the error can be obtained through duckdb_prepare_error . It is not required that the duckdb_bind family of functions matches the prepared statement parameter type exactly. The values will be auto-ca...st to the required value as required. For example, calling duckdb_bind_int8 on a parameter type of DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER will work as expected.... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/c/prepared.html
- HTTP(S) Support 8592
- With the httpfs extension, it is possible to directly query files over the HTTP(S) protocol. This works for all files supported by DuckDB or its various extensions, and provides read-only access. SELECT * FROM 'https://domain.tld/file.exten
...use a combination of the Parquet metadata and HTTP range requests to only download the parts of the file that are actually required by the query. For example, the following query will only read the Parquet metadata and the data for the column_a column: S...s block-based and stores per-column and per-row-group statistics, DuckDB uses HTTP range requests to fetch only the blocks required by a query when a remote database file is attached read-only: ATTACH 'https://domain.tld/file.duckdb' AS db (READ_ONLY); S... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/core_extensions/httpfs/https.html
- Troubleshoot 8333
- Overview This page collects common issues encountered when using DuckDB-Wasm, together with their workarounds. If you run into a problem that is not covered here, search the duckdb-wasm issue tracker on GitHub. Network Error When Querying R
...must allow (using CORS headers) the origin that hosts the DuckDB-Wasm instance to read it. If the server does not send the required headers, the query fails with a network error such as: Failed to execute 'send' on 'XMLHttpRequest' For example, when quer...-Opener-Policy headers, DuckDB-Wasm falls back to the single-threaded mvp or eh bundle. See Cross-Origin Isolation for the required headers, and Threading for how to select and configure the coi bundle. Further Reading DuckDB Wasm Client — installation,... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/wasm/troubleshoot.html
- Timestamp Issues 8333
- Timestamp with Time Zone Promotion Casts Working with time zones in SQL can be quite confusing at times. For example, when filtering to a date range, one might try the following query: SET timezone = 'America/Los_Angeles'; CREATE TABLE time
...───────────┘ These confusing results are due to the SQL casting rules from DATE to TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE . This cast is required to promote the date to midnight in the current time zone . In general, unless you need to use the current time zone for di...inst any timestamp column to quickly obtain the temporal bin values for the time zone in question. The inner casts are not required, but result in a smaller table because date_part returns 64 bit integers for all parts. Notice that we can extract all of... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/sql_features/timestamps.html
- Linux 8062
- Prerequisites On Linux, install the required packages with the package manager of your distribution. Ubuntu and Debian CLI Client On Ubuntu and Debian (and also MX Linux, Linux Mint, etc.), the requirements for building the DuckDB CLI clien
...pine Linux Currently, installing the DuckDB Python on Alpine Linux requires compilation from source. To do so, install the required packages before running pip : apk add g++ py3-pip python3-dev pip install duckdb Using the DuckDB CLI Client on Linux Once... - https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/dev/building/linux.html
DuckDB 2.0 Documentation / man.mtool.work