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Literal Types 14914
DuckDB has special literal types for representing NULL , integer and string literals in queries. These have their own binding and conversion rules. Prior to DuckDB version 0.10.0, integer and string literals behaved identically to the INTEG ... SELECT 1_2.1_2E0_1; -- 121.2 SELECT '0b0_1_0_1'::INTEGER; -- 5 String Literals String literals are delimited using single quotes ( ' , apostrophe) and result in STRING_LITERAL values. Note that double quotes ( " ) cannot be used as string delimiter ch ... aracter: instead, double quotes are used to delimit quoted identifiers . Implicit String Literal Concatenation Consecutive single-quoted string literals s ... the use of regular double-dollar symbols within the string literal: SELECT $tag$ this string can contain newlines, 'single quotes', "double quotes", and $$dollar quotes$$ $tag$ AS msg; ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/literal_types.html
COPY Statement 9742
Examples Read a CSV file into the lineitem table, using auto-detected CSV options: COPY lineitem FROM 'lineitem.csv'; Read a CSV file into the lineitem table, using manually specified CSV options: COPY lineitem FROM 'lineitem.csv' (DELIMITE ... COPY lineitem FROM 'lineitem.json' (FORMAT json, AUTO_DETECT true); Read a CSV file into the lineitem table, using double quotes: COPY lineitem FROM "lineitem.csv"; Read a CSV file into the lineitem table, omitting quotes: COPY lineitem FROM lineitem. ... a CSV file: COPY lineitem TO 'lineitem.csv' (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER '|', HEADER); Write a table to a CSV file, using double quotes: COPY lineitem TO "lineitem.csv"; Write a table to a CSV file, omitting quotes: COPY lineitem TO lineitem.csv; Write the r ... options are specified, the parentheses are required. Parameter values can be passed in with or without wrapping in single quotes. Arbitrary expressions may be used for parameter values. Any option that is a Boolean can be enabled or disabled in multip ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/statements/copy.html
JSON Overview 9362
DuckDB supports SQL functions that are useful for reading values from existing JSON and creating new JSON data. JSON is supported with the json extension which is shipped with most DuckDB distributions and is auto-loaded on first use. If yo ... xtract the family key's value with a JSONPath expression as a VARCHAR : SELECT j->>'$.family' FROM example; anatidae Using Quotes for Special Characters JSON object keys that contain the special [ and . characters can be used by surrounding them with d ... ouble quotes ( " ): SELECT '{"d[u]._\"ck":42}'->'$."d[u]._\"ck"' AS v; 42 ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/data/json/overview.html
Pivot Internals 9224
PIVOT Pivoting is implemented as a combination of SQL query re-writing and a dedicated PhysicalPivot operator for higher performance. Each PIVOT is implemented as set of aggregations into lists and then the dedicated PhysicalPivot operator ... , 'may', 'jun']) AS month, unnest(["jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun"]) AS sales FROM monthly_sales; Note the single quotes to build a list of text strings to populate month , and the double quotes to pull the column values for use in sales . Thi ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/internals/pivot.html
Struct Data Type 8845
Conceptually, a STRUCT column contains an ordered list of columns called “entries”. The entries are referenced by name using strings. This document refers to those entry names as keys. Each row in the STRUCT column must have the same keys. ... reate a struct with unnamed entries, use a tuple . Create a struct using the struct_pack function. Note the lack of single quotes around the keys and the use of the := operator: SELECT struct_pack(key1 := 'value1', key2 := 42) AS s; Create a struct usi ... ery with a.x . SELECT a.x FROM (SELECT {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3} AS a); If a key contains a space, simply wrap it in double quotes ( " ). SELECT a."x space" FROM (SELECT {'x space': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3} AS a); Bracket notation may also be used. Note that ... this uses single quotes ( ' ) since the goal is to specify a certain string key and only constant expressions may be used inside the brackets (no ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/struct.html
Keywords and Identifiers 8707
Identifiers Similarly to other SQL dialects and programming languages, identifiers in DuckDB's SQL are subject to several rules. Unquoted identifiers need to conform to a number of rules: They must not be a reserved keyword (see duckdb_keyw ... entifiers can use any keyword, whitespace or special character, e.g., "SELECT" and " § ? ¶ " are valid identifiers. Double quotes can be escaped by repeating the quote character, e.g., to create an identifier named IDENTIFIER "X" , use "IDENTIFIER ""X" ... dentifiers do. Note that stored and round-tripped DDL (for example in [ duckdb_views()`](#duckdb_views)) still uses double quotes. Deduplicating Identifiers In some cases, duplicate identifiers can occur, e.g., column names may conflict when unnesting ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/dialect/keywords_and_identifiers.html
Syntax Highlighting 8448
Syntax highlighting in the CLI is available for macOS, Linux and Windows. SQL queries that are written in the shell are automatically highlighted using syntax highlighting. There are several components of a query that are highlighted in dif ... Error Highlighting The shell has support for highlighting certain errors. In particular, mismatched brackets and unclosed quotes are highlighted in red (or another color if specified). This highlighting is automatically disabled for large queries. In ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/cli/syntax_highlighting.html
Dot Commands 8069
Dot commands are available in the DuckDB CLI client. To use one of these commands, begin the line with a period ( . ) immediately followed by the name of the command you wish to execute. Additional arguments to the command are entered, spac ... e separated, after the command. If an argument must contain a space, either single or double quotes may be used to wrap that parameter. Dot commands must be entered on a single line, and no whitespace may occur before the ... prompts in the shell on / off .render_errors ⟨on/off⟩ Toggle rendering of errors (such as mismatched brackets and unclosed quotes) in the shell on / off . See the Syntax Highlighting page .rows Row-wise rendering of query results (default) .safe_mode A ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/cli/dot_commands.html
JSON Processing Functions 7931
JSON Extraction Functions There are two extraction functions, which have their respective operators. The operators can only be used if the string is stored as the JSON logical type. These functions support the same two location notations as ... rs are of JSON type, but json_needle can also be a numeric value or a string, however the string must be wrapped in double quotes. json_keys(json[, path]) Returns the keys of json as a LIST of VARCHAR , if json is a JSON object. If path is specified, r ... ts: SELECT json_extract('{"duck": [1, 2, 3]}', '$.duck[#-1]'); 3 JSONPath also allows escaping syntax tokens, using double quotes: SELECT json_extract('{"duck.goose": [1, 2, 3]}', '$."duck.goose"[1]'); 2 Examples using the anatidae biological family : ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/data/json/json_functions.html
SELECT Clause 7931
The SELECT clause specifies the list of columns that will be returned by the query. While it appears first in the clause, logically the expressions here are executed only at the end. The SELECT clause can contain arbitrary expressions that ... columns of a table: SELECT min(COLUMNS(*)) FROM addresses; To select columns with spaces or special characters, use double quotes ( " ): SELECT "Some Column Name" FROM tbl; Syntax SELECT List The SELECT clause contains a list of expressions that specif ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/query_syntax/select.html
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