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Aggregate Functions 14678
Examples Produce a single row containing the sum of the amount column: SELECT sum(amount) FROM sales; Produce one row per unique region, containing the sum of amount for each group: SELECT region, sum(amount) FROM sales GROUP BY region; Ret ... ric mean of all non-null values in arg . This function is affected by ordering . histogram(arg) Returns a MAP of key-value pairs representing buckets and counts. histogram(arg, boundaries) Returns a MAP of key-value pairs representing the provided upp ... er_bin . Boundaries may be provided, e.g., via equi_width_bins . histogram_exact(arg, elements) Returns a MAP of key-value pairs representing the requested elements and their counts. A catch-all element specific to the data-type is automatically added ... g . | | Example | geometric_mean(A) | | Alias(es) | geomean(A) | histogram(arg) | Description | Returns a MAP of key-value pairs representing buckets and counts. | | Example | histogram(A) | histogram(arg, boundaries) | Description | Returns a MAP of ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/functions/aggregates.html
DuckDB_% Metadata Functions 11359
DuckDB offers a collection of table functions that provide metadata about the current database. These functions reside in the main schema and their names are prefixed with duckdb_ . The resultset returned by a duckdb_ table function may be ... with the database. VARCHAR comment A comment created by the COMMENT ON statement . VARCHAR tags A map of string key–value pairs. MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR) internal true indicates a system or built-in database. false indicates a user-defined database. BOO ... none is registered. VARCHAR comment A comment created by the COMMENT ON statement . VARCHAR tags A map of string key–value pairs. MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR) return_type The logical data type name of the returned value. Applicable for scalar and aggregate f ... of the table object. BIGINT comment A comment created by the COMMENT ON statement . VARCHAR tags A map of string key–value pairs. MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR) is_unique true if the index was created with the UNIQUE modifier, false if it was not. BOOLEAN is_p ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/meta/duckdb_table_functions.html
FROM and JOIN Clauses 10742
The FROM clause specifies the source of the data on which the remainder of the query should operate. Logically, the FROM clause is where the query starts execution. The FROM clause can contain a single table, a combination of multiple table ... how they are written in the join clause. Each result row has the columns from both relations. A join uses a rule to match pairs of rows from each relation. Often this is a predicate, but there are other implied rules that may be specified. Outer Join ... implest type of join is a CROSS JOIN . There are no conditions for this type of join, and it just returns all the possible pairs. Return all pairs of rows: SELECT a.*, b.* FROM a CROSS JOIN b; This is equivalent to omitting the JOIN clause: SELECT a.* ... n JOIN l_regions r USING (regionkey); The expressions do not have to be equalities – any predicate can be used: Return the pairs of jobs where one ran longer but cost less: SELECT s1.t_id, s2.t_id FROM west s1, west s2 WHERE s1.time > s2.time AND s1.c ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/query_syntax/from.html
Variant Functions 8857
This section describes functions that operate on the VARIANT type . New Most variant_* functions were introduced in DuckDB 2.0. The variant_extract , variant_normalize and variant_typeof functions were already available in DuckDB 1.5. Name ... e data share the same form. variant_group_object(key, value) Aggregate. Return a VARIANT object built from all key , value pairs in the group. variant_group_array(x) Aggregate. Collect all values of x into a VARIANT array. variant_typeof(v) | Descript ... | variant_group_object(key, value) | Description | Aggregate function. Returns a VARIANT object containing all key , value pairs in the group, where key is a VARCHAR and value is a VARIANT . A NULL key or a duplicate key raises an error. | | Example | ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/functions/variant.html
Creating JSON 8690
JSON Creation Functions The following functions are used to create JSON. Function Description to_json(any) Create JSON from a value of any type. Our LIST is converted to a JSON array, and our STRUCT and MAP are converted to a JSON object. j ... ate a JSON array from the values in the argument lists. json_object(key, value, ...) Create a JSON object from key , value pairs in the argument list. Requires an even number of arguments. json_merge_patch(json, json) Merge two JSON documents together ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/data/json/creating_json.html
HTTP CSV Import 8540
To load a CSV file directly over HTTP(S), the httpfs extension is required. This can be installed using the INSTALL SQL command. This only needs to be run once. INSTALL httpfs; To load the httpfs extension for usage, use the LOAD SQL comman ... v streams the file rather than materializing it first, this works the same way for CSVs far larger than fit in memory, and pairs naturally with read_csv 's usual options ( columns , types , delim , etc.) for files that need explicit schema hints. ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/network_cloud_storage/http_csv_import.h...
JSON Overview 8223
DuckDB supports SQL functions that are useful for reading values from existing JSON and creating new JSON data. JSON is supported with the json extension which is shipped with most DuckDB distributions and is auto-loaded on first use. If yo ... and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). While it is not a very efficient format for tabular data, it is very commonly u ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/data/json/overview.html
Parquet Tips 8056
Below is a collection of tips to help when dealing with Parquet files. Tips for Reading Parquet Files Use union_by_name When Loading Files with Different Schemas The union_by_name option can be used to unify the schema of files that have di ... n far fewer row groups: COPY (FROM 'events.parquet' ORDER BY event_time) TO 'events-sorted.parquet' (FORMAT parquet); This pairs well with a ROW_GROUP_SIZE that keeps each row group focused on a narrow range of the sort key. See the Performance Guide ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/data/parquet/tips.html
Map Type 8056
MAP s are similar to STRUCT s in that they are an ordered list of key-value pairs. However, MAP s do not need to have the same keys present for each row, and thus are suitable for use cases where the schema is unknown beforehand or varies p ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/map.html
Types API 7906
The DuckDBPyType class, duckdb.sqltypes.DuckDBPyType , represents one of the data types . Use DuckDBPyType to describe SQL types when declaring function parameters, return types or casts. Python types such as int are accepted too: int descr ... ting Types A DuckDBPyType has an id , such as 'struct' . A nested type, an ENUM or a DECIMAL also has children , a list of pairs of a name and a type or a value. The field of a STRUCT type is also available by attribute or by key: point = duckdb.struc ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/python/types.html
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