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Relational API 16887
The Relational API builds a query one step at a time from Python. A relation, a DuckDBPyRelation , is a piece of SQL text: the methods of the Transformation and Functions sections return a new relation whose text extends the one they were c ... bject) -> DuckDBPyRelation Create a relation object from the CSV file in 'name'. The options other than path_or_buffer are keyword arguments; an unknown one raises InvalidInputException . Most are the option of the same name of the SQL read_csv function ... the file, a glob pattern, a list of paths or a file-like object such as io.StringIO or io.BytesIO . * header : bool, int, keyword-only, default: None Whether the first line holds the column names; 0 means True . Detected when omitted. * compression : s ... tr, keyword-only, default: None Compression of the files: 'none' , 'gzip' or 'zstd' . Detected from the file extension when omitted. * ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/python/relational_api.html
CREATE MACRO Statement 9277
The CREATE MACRO statement defines a named, callable SQL expression as a database schema object. Macros may declare parameters, which can be referenced by its expression. Once a macro is created, it may be called by referencing its name and ... ent schema. When connected to a persistent database file, the macro will be stored in the database. The optional TEMPORARY keyword indicates that the macro is not to be persisted. An OR REPLACE clause may occur immediately after the CREATE keyword, whic ... o name is followed by parentheses. If the macro has parameters , then they must be declared within the parentheses. The AS keyword appears after the right parenthesis but before the expression The TABLE keyword may appear right after the AS keyword, dir ... may declare parameters. The parameter declarations appear as a comma-separated list between the parentheses before the AS keyword. The simplified syntax for a single parameter declaration is: ⟨parameter-name⟩ [⟨datatype⟩] [ := ⟨default-value⟩ ] The par ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/statements/create_macro.html
AsOf Join 8962
What is an AsOf Join? Time series data is not always perfectly aligned. Clocks may be slightly off, or there may be a delay between cause and effect. This can make connecting two sets of ordered data challenging. AsOf joins are a tool for s ... 00:01:30 GOOG 2000-12-31 23:59:30 GOOG 2001-01-01 00:00:30 23.45 GOOG 2001-01-01 00:01:30 21.16 AsOf Joins with the USING Keyword So far we have been explicit about specifying the conditions for AsOf, but SQL also has a simplified join condition syntax ... for the common case where the column names are the same in both tables. This syntax uses the USING keyword to list the fields that should be compared for equality. AsOf also supports this syntax, but with two restrictions: The la ... OF JOIN prices p USING (ticker, "when"); Clarification on Column Selection with USING in ASOF Joins When you use the USING keyword in a join, the columns specified in the USING clause are merged in the result set. This means that if you run: SELECT * FR ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/sql_features/asof_join.html
Syntax Highlighting 8648
Syntax highlighting in the CLI is available for macOS, Linux and Windows. SQL queries that are written in the shell are automatically highlighted using syntax highlighting. There are several components of a query that are highlighted in dif ... using the .highlight off command. Below is a list of query components that can be configured. Type Component Default color Keywords keyword green Numeric constants numeric_constant yellow String constants string_constant yellow Comments comment gray Err ... d , underline or bold_underline . For example, here is an alternative set of syntax highlighting colors: .highlight_colors keyword brightred bold .highlight_colors numeric_constant white .highlight_colors string_constant white .highlight_colors comment ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/cli/syntax_highlighting.html
Utility Functions 8490
Scalar Utility Functions The functions below are difficult to categorize into specific function types and are broadly useful. Name Description alias(column) Return the name of the column. can_cast_implicitly(source_value, target_value) Whet ... mat_sql(sql[, config]) Formats the sql string, e.g., by placing each clause on a separate line and normalizing the case of keywords. The optional config is a MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR) with the keys 'indent_size' , 'inline_threshold' and 'keyword_case' ( 'up ... nfig]) | Description | Formats the sql string, e.g., by placing each clause on a separate line and normalizing the case of keywords. The optional config is a MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR) with the keys 'indent_size' , 'inline_threshold' and 'keyword_case' ( 'up ... plits the sql string into tokens. Returns a table with the columns start (the byte offset of the token), token_type (e.g., KEYWORD , IDENTIFIER , NUMBER_LITERAL ) and word . Provided by the autocomplete extension. unnest(list) Returns a table with one r ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/functions/utility.html
ORDER BY Clause 8082
ORDER BY is an output modifier. Logically it is applied near the very end of the query (just prior to LIMIT or OFFSET , if present). The ORDER BY clause sorts the rows on the sorting criteria in either ascending or descending order. In addi ... rary scalar expression (which could be a column name), a column position number (where the indexing starts from 1), or the keyword ALL . Each expression can optionally be followed by an order modifier ( ASC or DESC , default is ASC ), and/or a NULL orde ... r modifier ( NULLS FIRST or NULLS LAST , default is NULLS LAST ). ORDER BY ALL The ALL keyword indicates that the output should be sorted by every column in order from left to right. The direction of this sort may be ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/query_syntax/orderby.html
PREPARE, EXECUTE, and DEALLOCATE Statements 8003
The PREPARE statement creates a prepared statement for later execution. The EXECUTE statement runs it with optional arguments. The DEALLOCATE statement removes it. For details about auto-incremented, positional, and named parameters, see Pr ... : EXECUTE add_values(20, 22); Syntax DEALLOCATE Remove a prepared statement: DEALLOCATE query_person; The optional PREPARE keyword is accepted for PostgreSQL compatibility: DEALLOCATE PREPARE add_values; Syntax ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/statements/prepare.html
Date Types 7846
Name Aliases Description DATE Calendar date (year, month, day) A date specifies a combination of year, month and day. DuckDB follows the SQL standard's lead by counting dates exclusively in the Gregorian calendar, even for years before that ... calendar was in use. Dates can be created using the DATE keyword, where the data must be formatted according to the ISO 8601 format ( YYYY-MM-DD ). SELECT DATE '1992-09-20'; Special Value ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/date.html
Keywords and Identifiers 7846
Identifiers Similarly to other SQL dialects and programming languages, identifiers in DuckDB's SQL are subject to several rules. Unquoted identifiers need to conform to a number of rules: They must not be a reserved keyword (see duckdb_keyword ... abs and newline characters). Identifiers can be quoted using double-quote characters ( " ). Quoted identifiers can use any keyword, whitespace or special character, e.g., "SELECT" and " § ? ¶ " are valid identifiers. Double quotes can be escaped by repe ... database that has one of these names, use an alias, e.g.: ATTACH 'temp.db' AS temp2; USE temp2; Rules for Case-Sensitivity Keywords and Function Names SQL keywords and function names are case-insensitive in DuckDB. For example, the following two queries ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/dialect/keywords_and_identifiers.html
Pattern Matching 7846
There are four separate approaches to pattern matching provided by DuckDB: the traditional SQL LIKE operator , the more recent SIMILAR TO operator (added in SQL:1999), a GLOB operator , and POSIX-style regular expressions . LIKE The LIKE ex ... E 'c'; -- false SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'c%' ; -- false SELECT 'abc' LIKE '%c'; -- true SELECT 'abc' NOT LIKE '%c'; -- false The keyword ILIKE can be used instead of LIKE to make the match case-insensitive according to the active locale: SELECT 'abc' ILIKE '% ... LIKE with ESCAPE : SELECT 'A%c' ILIKE 'a$%c' ESCAPE '$'; -- true There are also alternative characters that can be used as keywords in place of LIKE expressions. These enhance PostgreSQL compatibility. PostgreSQL-style LIKE -style ~~ LIKE !~~ NOT LIKE ~ ... entire expression: SELECT NOT 'best.txt' GLOB '*.txt'; -- false Three tildes ( ~~~ ) may also be used in place of the GLOB keyword. GLOB-style Symbolic-style GLOB ~~~ Glob Function to Find Filenames The glob pattern matching syntax can also be used to s ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/functions/pattern_matching.html
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