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Non-Deterministic Behavior 12724
Several operators in DuckDB exhibit non-deterministic behavior. Most notably, SQL uses set semantics, which allows results to be returned in a different order. DuckDB exploits this to improve performance, particularly when performing multi- ... threaded query execution. Other factors, such as using different compilers, operating systems and hardware architectures, can also cause changes in ordering. This page documents the cases ... rces of non-determinism is the set semantics used by SQL. E.g., if you run the following query repeatedly, you may get two different results: SELECT * FROM ( SELECT 'A' AS x UNION SELECT 'B' AS x ); Both results A , B and B , A are correct. Different Resu ... lts on Different Platforms: array_distinct The array_distinct function may return results in a different order on different platforms : SEL ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/operations_manual/non-deterministic_behavior.h...
Text Functions 11588
Text Functions and Operators This section describes functions and operators for examining and manipulating STRING values . Function Description string[index] Extracts a single character using a (1-based) index . string[begin:end] Extracts a ... perations (insertions, deletions, substitutions or transpositions) required to change one string to another. Characters of different cases (e.g., a and A ) are considered different. editdist3(s1, s2) Alias for levenshtein . hamming(s1, s2) The Hamming dis ... tance between two strings, i.e., the number of positions with different characters for two strings of equal length. Strings must be of equal length. Characters of different cases (e.g., a and A ... ) are considered different. jaccard(s1, s2) The Jaccard similarity between two strings. Characters of different cases (e.g., a and A ) are considered ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/functions/text.html
Data Types 10960
General-Purpose Data Types The table below shows all the built-in general-purpose data types. The alternatives listed in the aliases column can be used to refer to these types as well, however, note that the aliases are not part of the SQL ... s DuckDB supports the following nested data types: ARRAY , LIST , MAP , STRUCT , TUPLE , UNION and VARIANT . Each supports different use cases and has a different structure. Name Description Rules when used in a column Build from values Define in DDL/CREA ... amed values, each key having the same type and each value having the same type. Keys and values can be any type and can be different types from one another. Rows may have different keys. map([1, 2], ['a', 'b']) MAP(INTEGER, VARCHAR) STRUCT A dictionary of ... multiple named values, where each key is a string, but the value can be a different type for each key. Each row must have the same keys. {'i': 42, 'j': 'a'} STRUCT(i INTEGER, j VARCHAR) TUPLE A sequence of ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/overview.html
Collations 10343
Collations provide rules for how text should be sorted or compared in the execution engine. Collations are useful for localization, as the rules for how text should be ordered are different for different languages or for different countries ... lish the letter y comes between x and z . However, in Lithuanian the letter y comes between the i and j . For that reason, different collations are supported. The user must choose which collation they want to use when performing sorting and comparison ope ... T); INSERT INTO names VALUES ('hännes'); SELECT name FROM names WHERE name = 'hannes'; hännes Be careful here, however, as different collations cannot be combined. This can be problematic when you want to compare columns that have a different collation sp ... ecified. SELECT name FROM names WHERE name = 'hannes' COLLATE NOCASE; ERROR: Cannot combine types with different collation! CREATE TABLE other_names (name VARCHAR COLLATE NOCASE); INSERT INTO other_names VALUES ('HÄNNES'); SELECT names ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/expressions/collations.html
Expressions 8483
An expression is a combination of values, operators and functions. Expressions are highly composable, and range from very simple to arbitrarily complex. They can be found in many different parts of SQL statements. This section describes the ... different types of operators and functions that can be used within expressions. ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/expressions/overview.html
Samples 7963
Samples are used to randomly select a subset of a dataset. Examples Select a sample of exactly 5 rows from tbl using reservoir sampling: SELECT * FROM tbl USING SAMPLE 5; Select a sample of approximately 10% of the table using system sampli ... rs to queries faster, as they reduce the amount of data that needs to pass through the query engine. DuckDB supports three different types of sampling methods: reservoir , bernoulli and system . By default, DuckDB uses reservoir sampling when an exact num ... nly reservoir sampling supports sampling a fixed number of rows. Samples are probabilistic, that is to say, samples can be different between runs unless the seed is specifically specified. Specifying the seed only guarantees that the sample is the same if ... re not necessarily consistent even with a fixed seed. Reproducible Samples Sampling is probabilistic, so a query returns a different sample on each run unless the seed is fixed. The seed is a non-negative integer and can be specified in two equivalent way ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/samples.html
Geometry Data Type 7866
Name Description GEOMETRY Geospatial entity The GEOMETRY data type is used to store and manipulate geometric objects, such as points, lines, and polygons. The GEOMETRY type was part of the spatial extension but became a built-in data type i ... ts. MultiLineString A collection of LineStrings. MultiPolygon A collection of Polygons. GeometryCollection A collection of different geometry types, allowing for complex geometries that combine points, lines, and polygons or even other nested geometry col ... literals to create geometries directly in SQL statements. In the following example, we create a GEOMETRY column with the 7 different types of supported geometries: CREATE TABLE geometries ( id INTEGER, geom GEOMETRY ); INSERT INTO geometries VALUES (1, 'P ... Z (30 10 5) │ │ 3 │ POINT M (30 10 1) │ │ 4 │ POINT ZM (30 10 5 1) │ └───────┴──────────────────────┘ -- But we cannot mix different vertex dimensions within the same geometry! INSERT INTO points VALUES (5, 'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (30 10), POINT Z (30 ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/sql/data_types/geometry.html
Secrets Manager 7661
The Secrets manager provides a unified user interface for secrets across all backends that use them. Secrets can be scoped, so different storage prefixes can have different secrets, allowing for example to join data across organizations in ... ntials. When no Secret Provider is specified, the CONFIG provider is used. For more details on how to create secrets using different providers check out the respective pages on httpfs and azure . Temporary Secrets To create a temporary unscoped secret to ... n ( TYPE s3, KEY_ID 'my_secret_key', SECRET 'my_secret_value' ); Connection-scoped secrets are always temporary. This lets different connections hold secrets of the same type and scope without clashing. Deleting Secrets Secrets can be deleted using the DR ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/configuration/secrets_manager.html
Crashes 7661
DuckDB is thoroughly tested via an extensive test suite. However, bugs can still occur and these can sometimes lead to crashes. This page contains practical information on how to troubleshoot DuckDB crashes. Types of Crashes There are a few ... you encounter such an error with DuckDB, please run a disk check on the machine and attempt to can reproduce the issue on different computers. If you can reproduce the issue on different setups, report it in the issue tracker . Recovering Data If your Du ... an still benefit from the rest of the optimizer rules. Try to Isolate the Issue Some issues are caused by the interplay of different components and extensions, or are specific to certain platforms or client languages. You can often isolate the issue to a ... kDB CLI client . If you cannot reproduce the issue in the command line client, it is likely related to the client library. Different Hardware Setup According to our experience, several crashes occur due to faulty hardware (overheating hard drives, overclo ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/guides/troubleshooting/crashes.html
Deploy 7455
Overview Deploying DuckDB-Wasm means serving its components so that the browser can fetch and instantiate them. This page describes each component a deployment needs to serve, how the worker and WebAssembly variants relate, how extensions a ... hile the bare-browser example shows a minimal setup. JS Worker Component This is distributed as a JavaScript file in three different flavors, mvp , eh and coi , and needs to be served as-is. The main library component needs to be informed of the actual lo ... cation. The three variants target three different WebAssembly feature sets: mvp targets the WebAssembly 1.0 (MVP) spec eh targets WebAssembly with Wasm-level exception hand ... oint: https://extensions.duckdb.org . If you are deploying duckdb-wasm you can consider mirroring relevant extensions at a different endpoint, possibly allowing for air-tight deployments on internal networks. SET custom_extension_repository = '⟨https://so ...
https://man.mtool.work/duckdb/2.0/clients/wasm/deploying_duckdb_wasm.html
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